2024年政府工作报告(一）

3月5日，李强总理代表国务院在十四届全国人大二次会议上作《政府工作报告》。[新华社记者 姚大伟 摄]

Chinese Premier Li Qiang delivers a government work report at the opening meeting of the second session of the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2024. (Xinhua/Yao Dawei)

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies,

现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and also for comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2023年工作回顾

I. A Review of Our Work in 2023

过去一年，是全面贯彻党的二十大精神的开局之年，是本届政府依法履职的第一年。面对异常复杂的国际环境和艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全国各族人民，顶住外部压力、克服内部困难，付出艰辛努力，新冠疫情防控实现平稳转段、取得重大决定性胜利，全年经济社会发展主要目标任务圆满完成，高质量发展扎实推进，社会大局保持稳定，全面建设社会主义现代化国家迈出坚实步伐。

2023 was the first year for fully implementing the guiding principles from the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). It was also this government's first year to perform its duties in accordance with the law. In the face of an unusually complex international environment and the challenging tasks of advancing reform and development and ensuring stability at home, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core brought together the Chinese people of all ethnic groups and led them in withstanding external pressures and overcoming internal difficulties with dedicated efforts. 

We secured a smooth transition in epidemic response following a major, decisive victory in the fight against Covid-19. The main goals and tasks for economic and social development in 2023 were accomplished, and we made steady progress in pursuing high-quality development, maintained overall social stability, and made solid advances in building a modern socialist country in all respects.
——经济总体回升向好。国内生产总值超过126万亿元，增长5.2%，增速居世界主要经济体前列。城镇新增就业1244万人，城镇调查失业率平均为5.2%。居民消费价格上涨0.2%。国际收支基本平衡。

— Overall economic recovery and growth were boosted. 

China's gross domestic product (GDP) surpassed 126 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.2 percent, ranking China among the fastest-growing major economies in the world. A total of 12.44 million urban jobs were added, and the average surveyed urban unemployment rate stood at 5.2 percent. The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 0.2 percent. A basic equilibrium was maintained in the balance of payments.

——现代化产业体系建设取得重要进展。传统产业加快转型升级，战略性新兴产业蓬勃发展，未来产业有序布局，先进制造业和现代服务业深度融合，一批重大产业创新成果达到国际先进水平。国产大飞机C919投入商业运营，国产大型邮轮成功建造，新能源汽车产销量占全球比重超过60%。

— Significant progress was made in building a modernized industrial system. 

Traditional industries saw accelerated transformation and upgrading, strategic emerging industries achieved vigorous growth, and ground work was laid for developing industries of the future. Advanced manufacturing was further integrated with modern services, and a number of world-class innovations were made in major industries. C919, a homemade airliner, went into commercial operation, and a domestically-built large cruise ship was delivered. China accounted for over 60 percent of global electric vehicle output and sales.

——科技创新实现新的突破。国家实验室体系建设有力推进。关键核心技术攻关成果丰硕，航空发动机、燃气轮机、第四代核电机组等高端装备研制取得长足进展，人工智能、量子技术等前沿领域创新成果不断涌现。技术合同成交额增长28.6%。创新驱动发展能力持续提升。

— New breakthroughs were made in scientific and technological innovation. 

We made major headway in establishing a system of national laboratories and achieved fruitful results in developing core technologies in key fields. Substantial progress was made in the research and development (R&D) of high-end equipment, such as aircraft engines, gas turbines, and 4th-generation nuclear power units. A stream of innovations emerged in frontier areas such as artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum technology. The volume of contracted technology transactions grew by 28.6 percent. These achievements have further enhanced our capacity for innovation-driven development.

——改革开放向纵深推进。新一轮机构改革中央层面基本完成，地方层面有序展开。加强全国统一大市场建设。实施国有企业改革深化提升行动，出台促进民营经济发展壮大政策。自贸试验区建设布局进一步完善。出口占国际市场份额保持稳定，实际使用外资结构优化，共建“一带一路”的国际影响力、感召力更为彰显。

— Reform and opening up were deepened. 

The latest round of institutional reform at the central government level was generally completed, and such reform at the local government level proceeded in a well-planned way. We stepped up efforts to build a unified national market, launched an initiative to deepen and upgrade state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform, and adopted policies to spur the growth of the private sector. The layout of pilot free trade zones was further improved, and the global market share of China's exports remained stable. The mix of utilized foreign investment was improved; the Belt and Road Initiative cooperation gained greater international influence and appeal.

——安全发展基础巩固夯实。粮食产量1.39万亿斤，再创历史新高。能源资源供应稳定。重要产业链供应链自主可控能力提升。经济金融重点领域风险稳步化解。现代化基础设施建设不断加强。

— The foundations for secure development were further consolidated. 

Grain output reached a record of 695 million metric tons. The supply of energy and resources remained stable. China's important industrial and supply chains became more self-supporting and related risks were better controlled. Steady progress was made in defusing major economic and financial risks. Infrastructure was further modernized.

——生态环境质量稳中改善。污染防治攻坚战深入开展，主要污染物排放量继续下降，地表水和近岸海域水质持续好转。“三北”工程攻坚战全面启动。可再生能源发电装机规模历史性超过火电，全年新增装机超过全球一半。

— The environment saw steady improvements. 

Thanks to further steps to prevent and control pollution, the discharge of major pollutants continued to fall and the quality of surface water and offshore water continued to improve. The shelterbelt program in northeast, north, and northwest China entered a crucial stage. China's installed renewable energy capacity surpassed its thermal power capacity for the first time in history, and China accounted for over half of newly installed renewable energy capacity worldwide.

——民生保障有力有效。居民人均可支配收入增长6.1%，城乡居民收入差距继续缩小。脱贫攻坚成果巩固拓展，脱贫地区农村居民收入增长8.4%。加大义务教育、基本养老、基本医疗等财政补助力度，扩大救助保障对象范围。提高“一老一小”个人所得税专项附加扣除标准，6600多万纳税人受益。加强城镇老旧小区改造和保障性住房供给，惠及上千万家庭。

— People's wellbeing was ensured. 

Per capita disposable income of residents increased by 6.1 percent, and the income gap between urban and rural residents continued to narrow. The gains of poverty elimination were consolidated and expanded, with per capita income in rural areas that have been lifted out of poverty growing by 8.4 percent. We increased subsidies for compulsory education, basic old-age insurance, and basic medical insurance and expanded the coverage of assistance and support. Over 66 million taxpayers benefited from an increase in special additional deductions for individual income tax, which cover children nursing expenses, children's education, and elderly care expenses. We redoubled efforts to renovate old urban residential compounds and develop government-subsidized housing, benefiting over 10 million households.

回顾过去一年，多重困难挑战交织叠加，我国经济波浪式发展、曲折式前进，成绩来之不易。从国际看，世界经济复苏乏力，地缘政治冲突加剧，保护主义、单边主义上升，外部环境对我国发展的不利影响持续加大。从国内看，经历三年新冠疫情冲击，经济恢复发展本身有不少难题，长期积累的深层次矛盾加速显现，很多新情况新问题又接踵而至。外需下滑和内需不足碰头，周期性和结构性问题并存，一些地方的房地产、地方债务、中小金融机构等风险隐患凸显，部分地区遭受洪涝、台风、地震等严重自然灾害。在这种情况下，政策抉择和工作推进面临的两难多难问题明显增加。经过全国上下共同努力，不仅实现了全年预期发展目标，许多方面还出现积极向好变化。特别是我们深化了新时代做好经济工作的规律性认识，积累了克服重大困难的宝贵经验。实践充分表明，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，中国人民有勇气、有智慧、有能力战胜任何艰难险阻，中国发展必将长风破浪、未来可期！

Looking back at 2023, we can see that as we faced an array of interwoven difficulties and challenges, China's economy grew in a wave-like fashion amid twists and turns. Indeed, our achievements did not come easily. 

Globally, the economic recovery was sluggish. Geopolitical conflicts became more acute, protectionism and unilateralism were on the rise, and the external environment exerted a more adverse impact on China's development. 

Domestically, owing to the impact of a three-year Covid-19 pandemic, many difficulties facing our economic recovery and development had yet to be resolved. While deep-seated, long-standing issues became more pronounced, many new developments and problems emerged. A drop in external demand coincided with a lack of domestic demand, and both cyclical and structural issues existed. Risks and potential dangers in real estate, local government debt, and small and medium financial institutions were acute in some areas. Some places were hit hard by natural disasters, such as floods, typhoons, and earthquakes. Under these circumstances, we faced considerably more dilemmas in making policy decisions and doing our work. 

However, thanks to the concerted efforts of the entire nation, we accomplished the year's development goals and embraced positive changes on many fronts. In particular, we acquired a deeper understanding of the laws governing economic work in the new era and gained valuable experience in overcoming major difficulties. All this demonstrates that under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the Chinese people have the courage, vision, and strength to meet any challenge and overcome any obstacle. There is no doubt that in pursuing development, China will continue to surge ahead, cleave mighty waves, and advance toward a great future.