2024年政府工作报告(二）

一年来，我们深入学习贯彻党的二十大和二十届二中全会精神，按照党中央决策部署，主要做了以下工作。

Last year, we thoroughly studied and implemented the guiding principles from the 20th CPC National Congress and the Second Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee and implemented the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee. On that basis, we mainly carried out the following work:

一是加大宏观调控力度，推动经济运行持续好转。针对严峻挑战和疫后经济恢复特点，我们统筹稳增长和增后劲，突出固本培元，注重精准施策，把握宏观调控时、度、效，加强逆周期调节，不搞“大水漫灌”和短期强刺激，更多在推动高质量发展上用力，全年经济运行呈现前低中高后稳态势。

1. We strengthened macro regulation and promoted steady economic recovery and growth. 

In light of grave challenges and the particular conditions of the post-Covid economic recovery, we took coordinated steps to ensure stable growth and sustain its momentum, and gave priority to consolidating the foundations of the economy and taking targeted measures. We ensured the proper timing, intensity, and effect in conducting macro regulation, and strengthened counter-cyclical adjustments. We refrained from resorting to a deluge of stimulus policies or strong short-term stimulus measures, and made greater efforts to promote high-quality development. Over the course of the year, China's economy experienced a slow start, but reached a midyear peak, and achieved stable growth in the latter half. 

围绕扩大内需、优化结构、提振信心、防范化解风险，延续优化一批阶段性政策，及时推出一批新政策，打出有力有效的政策组合拳。财政政策加力提效，加强重点领域支出保障，全年新增税费优惠超过2.2万亿元，增发1万亿元国债支持灾后恢复重建、提升防灾减灾救灾能力。货币政策精准有力，两次降低存款准备金率、两次下调政策利率，科技创新、先进制造、普惠小微、绿色发展等贷款大幅增长。

To expand domestic demand, improve the economic structure, bolster confidence, and prevent and defuse risks, we adopted a full range of robust and effective policies, namely, extending and improving a number of time-limited policies and rolling out a new batch of timely policies. 

We enhanced the intensity and effectiveness of fiscal policies and ensured spending in key areas. Additional tax and fee relief measures introduced last year resulted in savings exceeding 2.2 trillion yuan, and an additional 1 trillion yuan of treasury bonds was issued to support post-disaster recovery and reconstruction and build up capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief. 

Monetary policies were implemented in a targeted and effective way. Required reserve ratios and policy interest rates were lowered two times, and there was a significant increase in loans issued to support scientific and technological innovation, advanced manufacturing, micro and small businesses, and green development initiatives. 

出台支持汽车、家居、电子产品、旅游等消费政策，大宗消费稳步回升，生活服务消费加快恢复。发挥政府投资撬动作用，制定促进民间投资政策，能源、水利等基础设施和制造业投资较快增长。因城施策优化房地产调控，推动降低房贷成本，积极推进保交楼工作。制定实施一揽子化解地方债务方案，分类处置金融风险，守住了不发生系统性风险的底线。

Thanks to policies to boost consumer spending such as those on automobiles, home furnishing, electronic products, and tourism, spending on big-ticket items steadily picked up and consumption of consumer services recovered quickly. 

We fully leveraged the role of government investment in boosting overall investment and adopted policies for promoting non-governmental investment. There was rapid growth in investments in energy and water conservancy infrastructure as well as the manufacturing sector. 

We improved city-specific policies on real estate regulation, worked to lower housing mortgage costs, and ensured the delivery of housing projects. We formulated and implemented a package of steps to address local government debt, dealt with financial risks by type, and ensured that no systemic risks arose.

二是依靠创新引领产业升级，增强城乡区域发展新动能。强化国家战略科技力量，加快实施重大科技项目。全面部署推进新型工业化。出台稳定工业经济运行、支持先进制造业举措，提高重点行业企业研发费用加计扣除比例，推动重点产业链高质量发展，工业企业利润由降转升。数字经济加快发展，5G用户普及率超过50%。深入实施新型城镇化战略，进一步放宽放开城市落户条件，增强县城综合承载能力，常住人口城镇化率提高到66.2%。

2. We promoted industrial upgrading through innovation and gained new momentum for coordinated urban-rural and regional development.

To build China's strength in strategic science and technology, we stepped up efforts to implement major science and technology programs. We adopted an overarching plan to advance new industrialization. We took measures to ensure the stable performance of the industrial sector and support advanced manufacturing, and increased the additional tax deductions for R&D expenses of enterprises in key industries. This helped promote high-quality development of key industrial chains. As a result, industrial enterprise profits stopped declining and began growing. 

The digital economy posted rapid growth, and 5G penetration rate in China topped 50 percent. The new urbanization strategy was further advanced. Restrictions on permanent urban residency were further relaxed or lifted, the overall carrying capacity of county seats was increased, and the share of permanent urban residents in the total population rose to 66.2 percent. 

强化农业发展支持政策，有力开展抗灾夺丰收，实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动，乡村振兴扎实推进。完善区域协调发展体制机制，在落实区域重大战略方面推出一批新举措，实施一批重大项目，区域发展协调性、平衡性不断增强。

We adopted stronger support policies to develop agriculture and took effective steps to protect against natural disasters and ensure good harvests. New initiatives were launched to increase grain production capacity by 50 million metric tons, and solid progress was made in rural revitalization. 

The systems and mechanisms for coordinated regional development were refined. We adopted new measures and launched major projects to implement major regional strategies, thus ensuring better coordinated and more balanced regional development.

三是深化改革扩大开放，持续改善营商环境。出台建设全国统一大市场总体工作方案，清理一批妨碍公平竞争的政策规定。分别推出支持国有企业、民营企业、外资企业发展政策，建立政企常态化沟通交流机制，开展清理拖欠企业账款专项行动，加强违规收费整治。

3. We deepened reform, expanded opening up, and continued to improve the business environment.

A master plan for building a unified national market was released, and a number of policies and regulations that impeded fair competition were abolished. We adopted separate policies on supporting the development of SOEs, private enterprises, and foreign-funded enterprises, and put in place a mechanism for regular government-business communication. Special initiatives were launched to settle overdue payments owed to enterprises, and intensified efforts were made to end unjustified charges.

深化财税金融、农业农村、生态环保等领域改革。推动外贸稳规模、优结构，电动汽车、锂电池、光伏产品“新三样”出口增长近30%。完善吸引外资政策，拓展制度型开放。扎实推进共建“一带一路”高质量发展，与共建国家贸易投资较快增长。

Reforms were deepened in the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems, in agriculture and rural areas, and in ecological conservation, environmental protection, and other areas. The volume of foreign trade remained stable and its mix was improved, and there was a 30-percent increase in exports of the "new trio," namely, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, and photovoltaic products.

We improved policies to attract foreign investment and expanded institutional opening up. We took solid steps to promote high-quality Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) cooperation, achieving rapid growth in trade and investment with our BRI partners.

四是强化生态环境保护治理，加快发展方式绿色转型。深入推进美丽中国建设。持续打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战。加快实施重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程。抓好水土流失、荒漠化综合防治。加强生态环保督察。制定支持绿色低碳产业发展政策。推进重点行业超低排放改造。启动首批碳达峰试点城市和园区建设。积极参与和推动全球气候治理。

4. We stepped up efforts to protect and improve the environment and accelerated the transition to a model of green development.

We advanced the Beautiful China Initiative and continued efforts to keep the skies blue, waters clear, and lands clean. We accelerated the implementation of major projects for protecting and restoring key ecosystems. Comprehensive prevention and treatment of soil erosion and desertification were intensified. Environmental inspection was stepped up.

Policies were adopted to support the development of green and low-carbon industries. Ultra-low emission retrofitting was carried out in key industries. Trials for peaking carbon emissions began in the first group of cities and industrial parks. China actively participated in and promoted global climate governance.

五是着力抓好民生保障，推进社会事业发展。聚焦群众关切，办好民生实事。高度重视稳就业，出台支持企业稳岗拓岗政策，加强高校毕业生等重点群体就业促进服务，脱贫人口务工规模超过3300万。强化义务教育薄弱环节建设，做好“双减”工作，国家助学贷款提标降息惠及1100多万学生。

5. We made every effort to ensure public wellbeing and advanced the development of social programs.

We addressed the people's concerns and delivered benefits to them. We adopted, with a strong emphasis on keeping employment stable, policies to support enterprises in stabilizing and expanding employment and improved services to help college graduates and other key groups secure employment. Over 33 million people lifted out of poverty found jobs last year. 

We intensified efforts to shore up weak links in compulsory education and relieve students of excessive burdens from homework and off-campus tutoring. The cap on government-subsidized student loans was raised and their interest rates were lowered, benefiting more than 11 million college students.

落实新冠病毒感染“乙类乙管”措施，扎实做好流感、支原体肺炎等传染病防治。实施职工医保普通门诊统筹。加强社区综合服务设施建设，大力发展老年助餐服务。提高优抚标准。强化困难群众兜底保障。有效应对海河等流域特大洪涝灾害，做好甘肃积石山地震等抢险救援，加强灾后恢复重建。推动文化传承发展，旅游市场全面恢复。群众体育蓬勃开展，成都大运会、杭州亚运会和亚残运会成功举办，我国体育健儿勇创佳绩。

Measures for dealing with Class B infectious diseases were applied in Covid-19 response, and solid steps were taken to prevent and control infectious diseases such as flu and mycoplasma pneumonia. Outpatient expenditures were covered by funds under unified management in the basic medical insurance system for urban employees. 

We improved comprehensive public service facilities in communities and did more to develop assisted catering services for the elderly. Benefits for entitled groups were increased. We ensured that the basic needs of people in difficulty were met. We responded effectively to major floods in the Hai River basin and other basins, carried out rescue and relief operations in the earthquake-hit Jishishan of Gansu Province and other disaster-hit areas, and supported post-disaster recovery and reconstruction efforts. 

We promoted cultural preservation and development and realized a full recovery in the tourism market. Recreational sports developed vigorously. The 2021 FISU World University Games in Chengdu and the 19th Asian Games and the 4th Asian Para Games in Hangzhou were successfully concluded, and Chinese athletes excelled in competition.

六是全面加强政府建设，大力提升治理效能。坚定维护以习近平同志为核心的党中央权威和集中统一领导，当好贯彻党中央决策部署的执行者、行动派、实干家。深入开展学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想主题教育。坚持把政治建设摆在首位，全面提高政府履职能力。深入推进法治政府建设。提请全国人大常委会审议法律议案10件，制定修订行政法规25部，实施提升行政执法质量三年行动。自觉依法接受监督。认真办理人大代表建议和政协委员提案。注重调查研究，努力使政策和工作符合实际、贴近群众。

6. We worked to improve government performance across the board and redoubled efforts to enhance governance.

We were firm in upholding the authority of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and its centralized, unified leadership and took decisive, rapid, and effective steps to fully implement the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee. We launched initiatives to gain a good understanding of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and act on it. With top priority given to political advancement, we enhanced the government's capacity to perform its duties in all areas. 

We made further progress in building a rule of law government. We submitted 10 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) for deliberation, formulated or revised 25 sets of administrative regulations, and launched a three-year action plan for improving administrative law enforcement. We readily accepted oversight in compliance with the law and handled with full attention suggestions and proposals from NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members.

优化督查工作机制。加强党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争。严格落实中央八项规定精神，持续纠治“四风”，有力推进金融单位、国有企业等巡视整改工作。创新和完善城乡基层治理。扎实做好信访工作。狠抓安全生产和应急管理，开展重大事故隐患专项排查整治。推动完善国家安全体系。加强社会治安综合治理，有效打击电信网络诈骗等违法犯罪活动，平安中国建设取得新进展。

We prioritized research and studies and saw to it that our policies and work were grounded in reality and pertained to public concerns. We improved the mechanisms for conducting inspections and made a stronger push to improve Party conduct, build integrity, and fight corruption. We strictly implemented the central Party leadership's eight-point decision on improving work conduct, continued to rectify pointless formalities, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, and effectively conducted inspections and rectifications in financial institutions, SOEs, and other institutions. 

We developed new and improved ways of conducting governance in urban and rural communities and took solid steps to handle public complaints. We redoubled efforts to ensure workplace safety and improve emergency management and launched special initiatives to identify and address potential dangers that could cause major accidents. 

China's national security system was improved. We adopted a full range of steps to maintain law and order and cracked down hard on telecom and online fraud and other criminal activities, thus making new progress in building a Peaceful China.

一年来，中国特色大国外交全面推进。习近平主席等党和国家领导人出访多国，出席金砖国家领导人会晤、亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议、东亚合作领导人系列会议等重大多双边活动。成功举办中国－中亚峰会、第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛等重大主场外交活动。推动构建人类命运共同体，落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，深化拓展全球伙伴关系，在解决国际和地区热点问题中发挥积极建设性作用。中国为促进世界和平与发展作出了重要贡献。

In 2023, we advanced major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics on all fronts. President Xi Jinping and other Party and state leaders visited many countries and attended major bilateral and multilateral events such as the 15th BRICS Summit, the 30th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, and the leaders' meetings on East Asian cooperation. China hosted a number of major diplomatic events, including the China-Central Asia Summit and the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. 

We promoted the building of a human community with a shared future and strived to put into action the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative. We further expanded global partnerships and played an active and constructive role in addressing international and regional hotspot issues. With these efforts, China has made important contributions to global peace and development.