2024年政府工作报告(三）

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

过去一年取得的成绩，根本在于习近平总书记领航掌舵，在于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民团结奋斗的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示衷心感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示衷心感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示衷心感谢！

We owe our achievements in 2023 to General Secretary Xi Jinping, who is at the helm charting the course, to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and to the concerted efforts of the whole Party, the armed forces, and Chinese people of all ethnic groups. 

On behalf of the State Council, I express sincere gratitude to all our people, and to all other political parties, people's organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society. I express heartfelt appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas. I also express heartfelt thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends across the world who have shown understanding and support for us in China as we pursue modernization.

在肯定成绩的同时，我们也清醒看到面临的困难和挑战。世界经济增长动能不足，地区热点问题频发，外部环境的复杂性、严峻性、不确定性上升。我国经济持续回升向好的基础还不稳固，有效需求不足，部分行业产能过剩，社会预期偏弱，风险隐患仍然较多，国内大循环存在堵点，国际循环存在干扰。

While recognizing our achievements, we are keenly aware of problems and challenges that confront us.

Global economic growth lacks steam, and regional hotspot issues keep erupting. China's external environment has become more complex, severe, and uncertain. 

The foundation for China's sustained economic recovery and growth is not solid enough, as evidenced by a lack of effective demand, overcapacity in some industries, weak public expectations, and many lingering risks and hidden dangers. Furthermore, there are blockages in domestic economic flows, and the global economy is affected by disruptions. 

部分中小企业和个体工商户经营困难。就业总量压力和结构性矛盾并存，公共服务仍有不少短板。一些地方基层财力比较紧张。科技创新能力还不强。重点领域改革仍有不少硬骨头要啃。生态环境保护治理任重道远。安全生产的薄弱环节不容忽视。政府工作存在不足，形式主义、官僚主义现象仍较突出，一些改革发展举措落实不到位。有的干部缺乏担当实干精神，消极避责、做表面文章。一些领域腐败问题仍然多发。我们一定直面问题和挑战，尽心竭力做好工作，决不辜负人民期待和重托！

Some small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and self-employed individuals face difficulties in their operations. We are confronted with both pressure on overall job creation and structural employment problems, and there are still many weak links in public services. Some primary-level governments are facing fiscal difficulties. 

China's capacity for scientific and technological innovation needs to be further improved. There are still many challenging issues concerning reforms in key areas that need to be addressed. We have a long way to go in protecting and improving the environment, and weak links in workplace safety should not be ignored. 

There is also room for improvement in the work of the government. Pointless formalities and bureaucratism remain acute, and some reform and development steps have yet to be fully implemented. Some officials lack the readiness to get down to work, evade responsibilities, and do their work in a perfunctory way. Corruption remains a common problem in some sectors.

But you can rest assured that we will face these problems and challenges head-on, make every effort to deliver, and do our utmost to live up to the expectations and trust of the people.

二、2024年经济社会发展总体要求和政策取向

II. Overall Requirements and Policy Orientation for Economic and Social Development in 2024

今年是中华人民共和国成立75周年，是实现“十四五”规划目标任务的关键一年。做好政府工作，要在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实党的二十大和二十届二中全会精神，按照中央经济工作会议部署，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，着力推动高质量发展，全面深化改革开放，推动高水平科技自立自强，加大宏观调控力度，统筹扩大内需和深化供给侧结构性改革，统筹新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴，统筹高质量发展和高水平安全，切实增强经济活力、防范化解风险、改善社会预期，巩固和增强经济回升向好态势，持续推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长，增进民生福祉，保持社会稳定，以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业。

This year marks the 75th anniversary of the People's Republic of China. It is also a crucial year for achieving the objectives and tasks laid down in the 14th Five-Year Plan. For the government to deliver, it is important, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to do the following: 

■ follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

■ implement the guiding principles from the Party's 20th National Congress and the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Party Central Committee

■ act on the guidelines of the Central Economic Work Conference

■ adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability

■ fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts, move faster to create a new pattern of development, and promote high-quality development

■ deepen reform and opening up across the board

■ achieve greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology

■ strengthen macro regulation

■ expand domestic demand and deepen supply-side structural reform

■ promote new urbanization and all-around rural revitalization in a coordinated way

■ ensure both high-quality development and greater security

■ boost economic vitality, prevent and defuse risks, and improve public expectations

■ consolidate and build momentum for economic recovery and growth

 

■ continue to effectively pursue higher-quality economic growth and appropriately increase economic output

■ improve the people's wellbeing

■ maintain overall social stability

These efforts will ensure that we make further progress in building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization.

综合分析研判，今年我国发展面临的环境仍是战略机遇和风险挑战并存，有利条件强于不利因素。我国具有显著的制度优势、超大规模市场的需求优势、产业体系完备的供给优势、高素质劳动者众多的人才优势，科技创新能力在持续提升，新产业、新模式、新动能在加快壮大，发展内生动力在不断积聚，经济回升向好、长期向好的基本趋势没有改变也不会改变，必须增强信心和底气。

A comprehensive analysis and assessment shows that China's development environment this year will continue to feature both strategic opportunities and challenges, with favorable conditions outweighing unfavorable ones. 

China has distinctive institutional strengths and the advantages of vast market demand, a complete industrial system to ensure supply, and a huge and high-caliber workforce. In addition, our country's capacity for scientific and technological innovation continues to grow, new industries, new business models, and new growth drivers are expanding at a faster pace, and the internal drive for development is building. The underlying trend of economic recovery and long-term growth remains unchanged and will not change. So we must be more confident and more assured of ourselves.

同时要坚持底线思维，做好应对各种风险挑战的充分准备。只要我们贯彻落实好党中央决策部署，紧紧抓住有利时机、用好有利条件，把各方面干事创业的积极性充分调动起来，一定能战胜困难挑战，推动经济持续向好、行稳致远。

On the other hand, we should not lose sight of worst-case scenarios and should be well prepared for all risks and challenges. As long as we fully implement the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee, make good use of all favorable opportunities and conditions, and fully leverage the motivation, dedication, and creativity of everyone, we will undoubtedly overcome difficulties and challenges and promote sound and steady economic growth.

今年发展主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长5%左右；城镇新增就业1200万人以上，城镇调查失业率5.5%左右；居民消费价格涨幅3%左右；居民收入增长和经济增长同步；国际收支保持基本平衡；粮食产量1.3万亿斤以上；单位国内生产总值能耗降低2.5%左右，生态环境质量持续改善。

The main targets for development this year are projected as follows:

 

■ GDP growth of around 5 percent

■ over 12 million new urban jobs 

■ surveyed urban unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent

■ CPI increase of around 3 percent

■ growth in personal income in step with economic growth

■ a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments

■ grain output of over 650 million metric tons

■ a drop of around 2.5 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP 

■ continued improvements in the environment

提出上述预期目标，综合考虑了国内外形势和各方面因素，兼顾了需要和可能。经济增长预期目标为5%左右，考虑了促进就业增收、防范化解风险等需要，并与“十四五”规划和基本实现现代化的目标相衔接，也考虑了经济增长潜力和支撑条件，体现了积极进取、奋发有为的要求。实现今年预期目标并非易事，需要政策聚焦发力、工作加倍努力、各方面齐心协力。

In setting these targets, we have considered evolving dynamics at home and abroad and other relevant factors as well as what is needed and what is possible. In setting the growth rate at around 5 percent, we have taken into account the need to boost employment and incomes and prevent and defuse risks. This growth rate is well aligned with the objectives of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the goal of basically realizing modernization. It also takes account of the potential for growth and the conditions supporting growth and reflects the requirement to pursue progress and strive to deliver. Achieving this year's targets will not be easy, so we need to maintain policy focus, work harder, and mobilize the concerted efforts of all sides.

我们要坚持稳中求进、以进促稳、先立后破。稳是大局和基础，各地区各部门要多出有利于稳预期、稳增长、稳就业的政策，谨慎出台收缩性抑制性举措，清理和废止有悖于高质量发展的政策规定。进是方向和动力，该立的要积极主动立起来，该破的要在立的基础上坚决破，特别是要在转方式、调结构、提质量、增效益上积极进取。强化宏观政策逆周期和跨周期调节，继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，加强政策工具创新和协调配合。

We should adhere to the principles of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, promoting stability through progress, and establishing the new before abolishing the old. 

Stability is of overall importance, as it is the basis for everything we do. All localities and government departments should adopt more policies that are conducive to keeping expectations, economic growth, and employment stable. They should take good care in formulating measures that could be contractionary or inhibitive in nature and overhaul or abolish policies and regulations that hinder high-quality development. 

Making progress is our goal, and it is also what motivates us. Therefore, we should proactively establish what is needed and resolutely abolish what is obsolete once the new is in place. In particular, we must push ahead with transforming the growth model, making structural adjustments, improving quality, and enhancing performance.

We should intensify counter- and cross-cyclical adjustments through macro policies, continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, and strengthen coordination between policy instruments while developing new ones.

积极的财政政策要适度加力、提质增效。综合考虑发展需要和财政可持续，用好财政政策空间，优化政策工具组合。赤字率拟按3%安排，赤字规模4.06万亿元，比上年年初预算增加1800亿元。预计今年财政收入继续恢复增长，加上调入资金等，一般公共预算支出规模28.5万亿元、比上年增加1.1万亿元。

We should appropriately enhance the intensity of our proactive fiscal policy and improve its quality and effectiveness. 

We should take into account both development needs and fiscal sustainability, leverage fiscal policy space, and improve the policy toolkit. We have set the deficit-to-GDP ratio for this year at 3 percent and the government deficit at 4.06 trillion yuan, an increase of 180 billion yuan over the 2023 budget figure. It is projected that fiscal revenue will continue to grow in 2024 and we will also have funds transferred from other sources; on this basis, general public expenditures in the government budget are projected to reach 28.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.1 trillion yuan over last year. This year, 3.9 trillion yuan of special-purpose bonds for local governments will be issued, an increase of 100 billion yuan over last year.

拟安排地方政府专项债券3.9万亿元、比上年增加1000亿元。为系统解决强国建设、民族复兴进程中一些重大项目建设的资金问题，从今年开始拟连续几年发行超长期特别国债，专项用于国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力建设，今年先发行1万亿元。

To systematically address funding shortages facing some major projects for building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation, it is proposed that, starting this year and over each of the next several years, ultra-long special treasury bonds be issued. These bonds will be used to implement major national strategies and build up security capacity in key areas. One trillion yuan of such bonds will be issued in 2024.

现在很多方面都需要增加财政投入，要大力优化支出结构，强化国家重大战略任务和基本民生财力保障，严控一般性支出。中央财政加大对地方均衡性转移支付力度、适当向困难地区倾斜，省级政府要推动财力下沉，兜牢基层“三保”底线。落实好结构性减税降费政策，重点支持科技创新和制造业发展。严肃财经纪律，加强财会监督，严禁搞面子工程、形象工程，坚决制止铺张浪费。各级政府要习惯过紧日子，真正精打细算，切实把财政资金用在刀刃上、用出实效来。

Additional government investment is needed in many sectors this year. This means that we should further improve the structure of government spending, ensure sufficient funding for major national strategic tasks and efforts to meet the people's basic living needs, and strictly control general expenditures. 

The central government will increase transfer payments to local governments for ensuring equal access to basic public services, which will appropriately tilt toward regions facing economic difficulty. Governments at the provincial level, meanwhile, should allocate more fiscal resources to lower-level governments to see that, at the primary level, basic living needs are met, salaries are paid, and governments function smoothly. 

We should fully implement structural tax and fee reduction policies, with priority given to supporting scientific and technological innovation and the development of the manufacturing sector. 

We must tighten up financial and economic discipline and intensify oversight on accounting. Prestige and vanity projects and wasteful and excessive spending will be strictly prohibited. Governments at every level must get used to keeping their belts tightened, run on lean budgets, and ensure that fiscal funds are used where they are needed most and to the best effect.

稳健的货币政策要灵活适度、精准有效。保持流动性合理充裕，社会融资规模、货币供应量同经济增长和价格水平预期目标相匹配。加强总量和结构双重调节，盘活存量、提升效能，加大对重大战略、重点领域和薄弱环节的支持力度。促进社会综合融资成本稳中有降。畅通货币政策传导机制，避免资金沉淀空转。增强资本市场内在稳定性。保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。大力发展科技金融、绿色金融、普惠金融、养老金融、数字金融。优化融资增信、风险分担、信息共享等配套措施，更好满足中小微企业融资需求。

We should implement a prudent monetary policy in a flexible, appropriate, targeted, and effective way. 

We should maintain adequate liquidity at a proper level and see that aggregate financing and money supply stay in step with the projected economic growth and CPI increase. We should adjust both the monetary aggregate and structure, put idle funds to good use, and step up support for major strategies, key areas, and weak links. We should work for a steady decline in overall financing costs. We should improve the monetary policy transmission mechanism to prevent funds from sitting idle or simply circulating within the financial sector. The underlying stability of the capital market should be enhanced.

The RMB exchange rate should remain generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level. We should boost the development of technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance. To better meet the fundraising needs of micro, small, and medium enterprises, supporting measures such as credit enhancement, risk sharing, and information sharing should be improved.

增强宏观政策取向一致性。围绕发展大局，加强财政、货币、就业、产业、区域、科技、环保等政策协调配合，把非经济性政策纳入宏观政策取向一致性评估，强化政策统筹，确保同向发力、形成合力。各地区各部门制定政策要认真听取和吸纳各方面意见，涉企政策要注重与市场沟通、回应企业关切。

We should enhance the consistency of macro policy orientation. 

To promote overall national development, we should strengthen coordination between fiscal, monetary, employment, industrial, regional, scientific and technological, and environmental policies and include noneconomic policies in evaluating the consistency of macro policy orientation. Policy coordination should be enhanced so that all policies are well-aligned and form synergy. 

In policymaking, all localities and government departments should heed and draw on the propositions and views of all parties concerned. They should pay attention to the views of market entities and address their concerns when formulating enterprise-related policies. 

实施政策要强化协同联动、放大组合效应，防止顾此失彼、相互掣肘。研究储备政策要增强前瞻性、丰富工具箱，并留出冗余度，确保一旦需要就能及时推出、有效发挥作用。加强对政策执行情况的跟踪评估，以企业和群众满意度为重要标尺，及时进行调整和完善。精准做好政策宣传解读，营造稳定透明可预期的政策环境。

In policy implementation, we should strengthen coordination and interplay between policies to see that together they deliver greater outcomes. We should avoid focusing on one single policy to the detriment of others or letting one policy impede another. 

In developing policy options, we should be forward looking and expand our policy toolkit. We should leave sufficient leeway so that policies can be rolled out and produce the desired effect as soon as they are called for. 

We should strengthen follow-up evaluations of policy implementation, taking the degree of satisfaction among enterprises and the people as an important yardstick, and make timely policy adjustments and improvements. We should communicate policies to the public in a well-targeted way to create a stable, transparent, and predictable policy environment.

完成今年发展目标任务，必须深入贯彻习近平经济思想，集中精力推动高质量发展。强化系统观念，把握和处理好重大关系，从整体上深入谋划和推进各项工作。坚持质量第一、效益优先，继续固本培元，增强宏观调控针对性有效性，注重从企业和群众期盼中找准工作着眼点、政策发力点，努力实现全年增长目标。坚持高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动，在坚守安全底线的前提下，更多为发展想办法、为企业助把力。坚持在发展中保障和改善民生，注重以发展思维看待补民生短板问题，在解决人民群众急难愁盼中培育新的经济增长点。从根本上说，推动高质量发展要靠改革。我们要以更大的决心和力度深化改革开放，促进有效市场和有为政府更好结合，持续激发和增强社会活力，推动高质量发展取得新的更大成效。

In order to fulfill the development goals and tasks for this year, we must act on Xi Jinping Thought on the Economy and devote full energy to promoting high-quality development. We should apply systems thinking, pay attention to and properly handle major relationships, and develop in-depth plans and advance all areas of work with the overall picture in mind.

As we strive to achieve this year's growth targets, we should put quality first and give priority to performance, continue to consolidate the foundations of the economy, make macro regulation more targeted and effective, and keep in mind the expectations of enterprises and the people when deciding on work and policy priorities. 

We should ensure that high-quality development and greater security reinforce each other and do more to pursue development and provide assistance to enterprises on the basis of ensuring security. 

We should continue to improve the people's wellbeing as we pursue development, address inadequacies in public wellbeing from the perspective of development, and foster new growth drivers in the course of solving pressing difficulties and problems that concern the people most. 

Ultimately, high-quality development depends on reform. We should deepen reform and opening up with greater resolve and effort, promote better interplay between an efficient market and a well-functioning government, further stimulate and boost the vitality of our society, and strive to make greater progress in pursuing high-quality development.